Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *tɨkɨ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to stuff in, press in

Russian meaning: набивать, вдавливать, втыкать

Old Turkic: tɨq- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tɨq- (MK)

Turkish: tɨka-

Tatar: tɨq-

Middle Turkic: tɨq- (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tiq-

Uighur: tiq-

Azerbaidzhan: tɨx-

Turkmen: dɨq-

Khakassian: tɨx-

Shor: tɨqta-

Oyrat: tɨq-

Chuvash: čɨx-

Tuva: dɨɣɨ-

Tofalar: tɨɣɨ-

Kirghiz: tɨq-

Kazakh: tɨq-

Noghai: tɨq-

Bashkir: tɨq-

Gagauz: tɨqa-

Karaim: tɨq-

Karakalpak: tɨq-

Kumyk: tɨq-

Comments: VEWT 477-478, EDT 465, ЭСТЯ 3, 337-340, Мудрак 75. The Turkm. form with a voiced d- is quite irregular and probably reflects a merger with *dik- `to insert, plant vertically'.

Proto-Turkic: *Tɨlda-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to allow, refer to 2 reason, excuse

Russian meaning: 1 обосновывать, ссылаться 2 причина, повод

Old Turkic: tɨlda- 1, tɨldaɣ 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tɨlda- 1 (KB), tɨldaɣ 2 (MK)

Tatar: tɨldaq 2

Middle Turkic: dɨldaɣ 2 (Houts.)

Comments: VEWT 478, EDT 494 (but not derived from *dɨl 'tongue'!).

Proto-Turkic: *tɨrɨ-k

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: latch, obstruction

Russian meaning: запор, засов

Turkish: tɨrkaz

Azerbaidzhan: tɨrɨG

Tuva: tɨrɨq

Tofalar: tɨrɨq

Comments: VEWT 479.

Proto-Turkic: *Tɨ̄t

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: larch-tree

Russian meaning: лиственница

Old Turkic: tɨt (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tɨt (MK)

Tatar: tet aɣac (dial., КСТТ 200)

Khakassian: tɨt

Shor: tɨt

Oyrat: tɨt

Yakut: tīt

Dolgan: tīt

Tuva: dɨt

Tofalar: tɨt (Рас. ФиЛ), dɨt / tɨt

Kirghiz: tɨt 'mulberry tree'

Comments: VEWT 479, EDT 449, Stachowski 224. The meaning in Kirgh. is influenced by tut < Iran., see Стеблин-Каменский 1982, 88-89.

Proto-Turkic: *Tobur-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: (pine) cone

Russian meaning: шишка; бутон

Turkish: tomurǯuk

Tatar: tubɨrčɨq

Azerbaidzhan: tumurǯuG

Shor: torum `cedar cone'

Oyrat: tōrčɨq

Yakut: tuorax

Tuva: tōruq

Tofalar: tōruq

Kirghiz: toburčuq

Bashkir: tubɨrsɨq

Gagauz: tōmruq

Karaim: tomruq

Kumyk: tompur

Comments: VEWT 482, Лексика 115, 121. The Siberian forms clearly point to *-b- (or *-g-); other forms have been influenced by *top and *dom- / *tom- 'round' q. v. sub *t`òp`ú, *t`ŏ̀mù. Turk. > Mong. (Kalm.) toburčag 'acorn, cone' (KW 404); see Poppe 47.

Proto-Turkic: *Tog

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a k. of fish

Russian meaning: вид рыбы

Tatar: toɣɨ 'sturgeon' (КСТТ)

Shor: toɣ 'perch'

Oyrat: tūlɨ 'кускуч'

Proto-Turkic: *Tog

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: dust

Russian meaning: пыль

Old Turkic: toɣ (OUygh. - late, Lig. VSOu)

Karakhanid: toɣ (MK, KB); toɣ- 'to rise (of dust)'

Middle Turkic: toɣ (Pav. C., Abush.)

Uighur: toɣ (dial., Malov - Xami)

Khakassian: tōla- 'to crumble'

Tuva: toɣ-la- 'to crumble'

Comments: VEWT 483, EDT 463.

Proto-Turkic: *togus- (?)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to jump

Russian meaning: скакать

Turkmen: tovus-

Chuvash: (Bulgar) doxs '(year of) mouse'

Proto-Turkic: *toj

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: feast; community

Russian meaning: пир, праздник

Old Turkic: toj (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: toj (MK, KB)

Turkish: toj

Tatar: tuj

Middle Turkic: toj (Sangl., Abush.)

Uzbek: tọj

Uighur: toj

Sary-Yughur: toj

Azerbaidzhan: toj

Turkmen: toj

Khakassian: toj

Shor: toj

Oyrat: toj

Chuvash: toj

Tuva: doj

Tofalar: toj

Kirghiz: toj

Kazakh: toj

Noghai: toj

Bashkir: tuj

Balkar: toj

Gagauz: toj

Karaim: toj

Karakalpak: toj

Salar: töj (ССЯ)

Kumyk: toj

Comments: EDT 567, Лексика 309.

Proto-Turkic: *Tok

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 hummel 2 base of a horn 3 with a shaved head

Russian meaning: 1 комолый 2 основание рога 3 бритоголовый

Karakhanid: toq 3 (MK)

Middle Turkic: toqal (R) 1

Uzbek: tọqɔl 1, 3

Uighur: toqal 1

Halaj: ? toq 'Gipfel, Spitze'

Tuva: toqpaq 'куцый' (хвост), doqpaq 'корноухий'

Tofalar: ? to'q 'крупный о шарообразном'

Kirghiz: toqol 1

Kazakh: toqal 1, 2

Noghai: toqal, toqalaq 1, 3

Bashkir: tuqal 1

Balkar: toqal 1

Karaim: toqal 'с тупым концом'

Karakalpak: toqal 1

Comments: VEWT 485, 486 (but not < Mong., despite Räsänen); EDT 464.

Proto-Turkic: *ToK-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: weasel

Russian meaning: ласка

Khakassian: totxanax (Sag.)

Shor: toqɨnas, toqumas, toqumdas (R)

Oyrat: toqtonoq

Tuva: toqtan (R)

Comments: VEWT 485. A local Syberian form, probably a compound of the expected *dog- with some obscure second component (possibly *dog-kumtɨŕ 'weasel-beaver').

Proto-Turkic: *tokɨ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to hit, knock, strike 2 mallet

Russian meaning: 1 бить, ударять 2 молот 3 трогать, касаться

Old Turkic: toqɨ- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.), toqɨmaq 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: toqɨ- 1 (MK, KB), toqɨmaq 2 (MK, IM)

Turkish: tokuš- 1, doku- 1 (dial.), dokun- 3, tokmak 2

Tatar: tuqɨ- 1, tuqɨn- 3, tuqmaq 2

Middle Turkic: toqun- 3 (Pav. C.), toqmaq 2 (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tọqin- 3, tọqmɔq

Uighur: toqun- 3

Azerbaidzhan: toGGuš- 1, toxun- 3, toχmaG 2

Turkmen: toqmaq 2

Khakassian: toɣas- 'to hit upon > meet', toxpax 2

Shor: toɣaš- 'to meet'

Oyrat: toqul-da- 1, toqpoq 2

Halaj: toqu- 1, toqun- 3, toqmaq 2

Tuva: toqqu-la- 1, tonur- 3 (< dhon-ur-), doqpaq 2

Kirghiz: toqmoq 2

Kazakh: toqɨl-da- 1, toqpaq 2

Noghai: toqpaq 2

Bashkir: tuqɨlda- 1, tuqmaq 2

Balkar: toqmaq 2

Gagauz: doqun- 3, toqmaq 2

Karaim: toqɨš- 'to clink (glasses)', toqɨn- 3, toqmaq 2

Karakalpak: toqɨlda- 1, toqpaq 2

Salar: toxmax 2 (ССЯ)

Kumyk: toqala- 1, toqmaq 2

Comments: VEWT 484-485, TMN 2, 629, EDT 467, 470, ЭСТЯ 3, 253-254, 256-257. The variants with *d- may be archaic, see below.

Proto-Turkic: *toklɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: lamb (6m. old)

Russian meaning: ягненок до полугода

Karakhanid: toqlɨ (MK, IM)

Turkish: toklu

Tatar: tuqtɨ; tuɣɨš 'a 1-year-old elk' (КСТТ)

Middle Turkic: toɣlɨ (Pav. C.),(MKypch.) toqlɨ (Houts.)

Uzbek: tọqli

Sary-Yughur: toqtɨ

Azerbaidzhan: toGlu

Turkmen: toqlɨ

Halaj: toɣlɨ

Yakut: tugut 'calf, foal'

Dolgan: tugut 'calf, foal'

Tuva: toɣdu; toš '1-year-old elk'

Tofalar: doš '1-year-old elk' (Рас. ФиЛ)

Kirghiz: toqtu

Kazakh: toqtɨ

Noghai: toqlɨ

Bashkir: tuqtɨ

Balkar: toqlu

Gagauz: toqlu

Karakalpak: toqlɨ

Kumyk: toqlu

Comments: VEWT 485, TMN 2, 524, EDT 469, Лексика 434, Stachowski 229. Turk. > Hung. toklyó 'lamb', see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *toku

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: rite, ceremony

Russian meaning: обряд (погребальный, свадебный)

Old Turkic: toqu (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: toqu (KB)

Turkish: toka 'wedding present' (dial.), 'handshake'

Middle Turkic: toqa (Sangl.), toqal 'the least respected wife' (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: tọqɔl 'second wife'

Uighur: toqal 'younger wife'

Chuvash: tъxlačъ 'matchmaker'

Kirghiz: toqol 'younger wife'

Balkar: toqal 'first wife in respect to others'

Karakalpak: toqal 'younger wife'

Comments: EDT 466, Егоров 241 (derives from F.-U. or from tъxъm 'progeny' - both quite dubious morphologically), VEWT 485. The semantic development is 'rite, ceremony' > 'wedding' > 'matchmaker' / 'younger wife'.

Proto-Turkic: *toku

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: buckle

Russian meaning: пуговица, пряжка

Karakhanid: toqu (MK)

Turkish: toka

Middle Turkic: toqqa (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tọqa

Azerbaidzhan: toGGa

Turkmen: toqa

Oyrat: toɣo (dial. Leb.)

Chuvash: tъʷɣa

Kazakh: toɣa

Gagauz: toqa

Karakalpak: doɣa, toɣa

Kumyk: toɣa

Comments: VEWT 485, EDT 466-467, TMN 2, 525.

Proto-Turkic: *Tokum

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wheel hoop

Russian meaning: обод колеса

Tatar: tuɣɨm (dial. d-)

Uzbek: tọɣin

Chuvash: togъn

Kazakh: toɣɨn 1

Noghai: toɣɨn 1

Bashkir: tuɣɨn, dial. duɣɨn

Balkar: toχun 1

Karakalpak: toɣɨn 1

Comments: VEWT 483, 485, ЭСТЯ 8, Егоров 2256, Федотов 2, 242.

Proto-Turkic: *Tol-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to push, collide

Russian meaning: сталкиваться, пихать

Old Turkic: tul- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tul- 1, (caus.) tuldur- (MK)

Uighur: (dial.) tola- 'to wave, shake' (УЯ)

Yakut: toluɣurā- 'to dangle freely inside an empty space'

Bashkir: tula- 'to kick'

Karakalpak: tolarsaq 2

Salar: tōla- 'разгребать ногами'

Comments: EDT 491, 495, 501. Derived is probably *Tolarsuk 'knee or heel joint, sinew' (VEWT 480, 486, ЭСТЯ 8: OT (MK) tolarsuq, Yak. tolunńaŋ (< *tolu-n-čaŋ-), Kirgh. tolorsuk, Bashk. tularhɨq, KKalp. tolarsaq; Kaz. tilersek, influenced by tirsek 'knee').

Proto-Turkic: *tolku-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to beat (of waves) 2 wave(s)

Russian meaning: 1 бить (о волнах) 2 волна, волны

Middle Turkic: tolqun- 1

Turkmen: tolqɨn 2

Kazakh: tolqu- 1

Balkar: tolqan 2

Comments: VEWT 487. The root is attested late (unless a somewhat uncertain OT (MK) tolɣaɣ 'snowstorm' (see EDT 496) belongs here), but is difficult to explain as a loan from Mong. dolgijan 'wave' - with which it probably has nothing in common.

Proto-Turkic: *tom-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 round, convex 2 ball, smth. round 3 somersault 4 thick, bulging 5 to swell

Russian meaning: 1 круглый, выпуклый 2 шарик, кольцо 3 кувырком 4 толстый, пухлый 5 пухнуть, вздуваться

Turkish: tomak 2

Uzbek: tọmtɔq 'stump, blunt'

Azerbaidzhan: tombul 4, dombalaG 3

Turkmen: tommaq 'knob, round end of stick', dommar- / tommar- 5

Khakassian: tomɨr, tombɨr 'blunt'

Chuvash: tъʷmat 'stubby'

Yakut: tomtorɣo 'ring-formed ornament'

Kirghiz: tompoq 1

Kazakh: tompaq 1

Noghai: tompaq 1

Bashkir: tomraj- (dial.) 5

Balkar: tomalaq 1

Gagauz: tombarlaq 1

Karaim: tomalaq 1

Karakalpak: dumalaq 1, tompaq 4, tompaj- 5

Salar: tombɨx 'blunt' (Тен.ССЯ)

Kumyk: tompaj- 5, tomaq 'blunt'

Comments: VEWT 487, ЭСТЯ 3, 261-262. Variants with *d- in Oghuz are most probably expressive (or reflect a secondary assimilation *dom-ba- < *tom-ba-).

Proto-Turkic: *Tomar

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 block, log 2 to hack, hew 3 to break off, chip off

Russian meaning: 1 кусок дерева, чурбан, бревно 2 рубить, обрубать 3 отламывать, откалывать

Karakhanid: tomrum 1 (MK), tomur- 2

Turkish: tomruk 1

Tatar: tumar, tumran 1

Middle Turkic: (MKypch.) tumar (AH) 1

Oyrat: tomur- 2

Tuva: domur- 3

Kirghiz: tomur- 3

Kazakh: tomar 1

Bashkir: tumɨr- 2

Balkar: tomuraw 1, tomur- 2

Karaim: tomruq 1

Karakalpak: tomar 1

Comments: VEWT 499, EDT 509. The root should be distinguished from *dom- / *tom- 'round' (v. sub *t`ŏ̀mù). Turk. > Mong. (KW 400) tomuraɣu, Kalm. tomrūn 'rough, loutish'.